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Cypress Functions and Commands Explained

Cypress provides various functions and commands for writing automated tests effectively. Below is a categorized list of the most commonly used Cypress functions with explanations and examples.

1. Visiting and Navigating Pages

cy.visit(url)

    Navigates to a specific URL.


    cy.visit('https://example.com');
  • Can also pass options like authentication headers.

    cy.visit('https://example.com', { auth: { username: 'user', password: 'pass' } });

cy.go()

    Navigates forward or backward in browser history.

    cy.go('back'); // Go back one page
    cy.go('forward'); // Go forward one page
    cy.go(-1); // Equivalent to back
    cy.go(1); // Equivalent to forward

cy.reload()

    Reloads the current page.

    cy.reload();
    cy.reload({ force: true }); // Forces reload, bypassing cache

2. Selecting Elements

cy.get(selector)

Selects elements using a CSS selector.


    cy.get('#username'); // Selects an element with ID 'username'
    cy.get('.btn-primary'); // Selects an element with class 'btn-primary'
    cy.get('[data-testid="submit-button"]'); // Uses a test-specific attribute

cy.contains(text)

Finds elements containing specific text.


    cy.contains('Submit').click(); // Clicks a button containing 'Submit'
    cy.contains('Welcome, John').should('be.visible');

cy.find(selector)

Finds a child element inside a parent.


    cy.get('.form-container').find('input').type('test');

cy.within()

Runs commands inside a specific DOM element.


cy.get('.login-form').within(() => {
  cy.get('input[name="username"]').type('student');
  cy.get('input[name="password"]').type('Password123');
});

3. Interacting with Elements

cy.type(text)

Types text into an input field.


    cy.get('input[name="email"]').type('test@example.com');
    cy.get('input[name="password"]').type('MyPassword{enter}'); // Simulates pressing Enter key

cy.clear()

Clears the input field.

    cy.get('input[name="username"]').clear();

cy.click()

Clicks on an element.

    cy.get('#login-button').click();
    cy.get('#checkbox').click({ force: true }); // Clicks even if hidden

cy.check() / cy.uncheck()

Checks and unchecks checkboxes or radio buttons.


    cy.get('#accept-terms').check();    
    cy.get('#accept-terms').uncheck();

cy.select()

Selects a dropdown option.


    cy.get('select[name="country"]').select('USA');

4. Assertions (Validations)

cy.should()

Asserts conditions on elements.


    cy.get('.success-message').should('be.visible'); // Check visibility
    cy.get('input').should('have.value', 'test@example.com'); // Check input value
    cy.get('button').should('be.enabled'); // Check if button is enabled
    cy.get('.error-message').should('contain', 'Invalid login'); // Check text content

cy.expect()

General assertion function.


    expect(true).to.be.true;
    expect(5).to.equal(5);

cy.should('not.exist')

Checks if an element does NOT exist.


    cy.get('.modal').should('not.exist');

5. Handling Network Requests

cy.intercept(method, url)

Intercepts API calls and mocks responses.


    cy.intercept('GET', '/api/user', { fixture: 'user.json' }).as('getUser');
    cy.wait('@getUser').its('response.statusCode').should('eq', 200);

cy.wait(alias)

Waits for an intercepted API request to finish.


    cy.wait('@getUser');

6. Handling Cookies and Local Storage

cy.setCookie(name, value)

Sets a browser cookie.

    cy.setCookie('session_id', '123456');

cy.getCookie(name)

Gets a cookie value.


    cy.getCookie('session_id').should('have.property', 'value', '123456');

cy.clearCookies()

Clears all cookies.


    cy.clearCookies();

cy.setLocalStorage(key, value)

Sets a value in local storage.


    cy.window().then((win) => {
      win.localStorage.setItem('theme', 'dark');
    });

cy.getLocalStorage(key)

Gets a value from local storage.


    cy.window().then((win) => {
      expect(win.localStorage.getItem('theme')).to.equal('dark');
    });

7. Debugging & Logs

cy.pause()

Pauses test execution at a specific point.


    cy.get('#submit').click().pause();

cy.debug()

Prints debugging information.


    cy.get('input').debug();

cy.log(message)

Logs custom messages to the Cypress command log.


    cy.log('User is logged in successfully');

8. Running Tests in CI/CD

cy.screenshot()

Takes a screenshot of the current state.

    cy.screenshot('login-success');

cy.task()

Runs Node.js functions within Cypress.

    cy.task('log', 'This is a debug message');

9. Running Cypress Tests

Run Cypress in interactive mode:

npx cypress open


Run tests headlessly:

npx cypress run


Run specific test file:

npx cypress run --spec cypress/e2e/login.cy.js

Conclusion

Cypress provides a comprehensive API for testing web applications efficiently. By using its built-in commands for navigation, element selection, interactions, assertions, and debugging, you can write reliable automated tests.


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